Siding
Inspecting a home's siding
In this article, I will discuss the following topics:
Siding's role in keeping you and your home happy and healthy
Types of sidings
Common defects homeowners can spot
Maintenance tips
When to call in a professional
Siding's role
If the roof is the home's umbrella, then the siding is the raincoat, wind jacket, and sunscreen. Along with the roof, the siding provides the first line of defense against the environment. Siding should be installed and maintained to adequately shed water, prevent moisture intrusion, and resist extreme weather conditions. Poorly installed/maintained siding may lead to wet insulation, rotted joists, and pest intrusion.
The good news- maintaining siding is relatively cheap, and a chore most homeowners can perform on their own.
The bad news- replacing siding is expensive, especially if repairs are needed to joists and/or insulation.
Types of siding
There are many types of siding. I will cover the most common types I see regularly.
Wood Siding
I do not see a lot of whole-house wood siding, but cedar shakes (pictured left) and lap siding are common on gable ends, usually above stone or brick. Wood rot and insect damage are common reasons wood is often passed up. Even cedar needs to be resealed every 3-5 years, or it will begin to rot. If maintained, it creates a beautiful accent on many homes in the area!
Composite wood siding
Composite siding is made of wood and a bonding agent. The wood ranges from sawdust (Masonite) to oriented strands (OSB). Masonite is a cheap product that is highly susceptible to mold and swelling without maintenance, while LP SmartSide, which uses OSB, comes with a 50-year limited warranty. Similar to wood siding, composite siding comes in shakes, lap, and vertical formats.
Masonry veneer
I rarely see load-bearing masonry walls, except concrete block foundations. Masonry includes brick, concrete blocks, stone, etc. These walls are installed one unit at a time and are bonded with mortar. Masonry is extremely porous and heavy, requiring careful installation. These walls are relatively easy to maintain, but the most common issue, repointing the mortar, is not a DIY project.
Vinyl Siding
Vinyl is a relatively affordable siding. Installed correctly, it can provide quality protection for years. Installed incorrectly, it may begin to buckle or look like the picture shown. It is made of plastic, is versatile, and installs quickly, lowering labor costs. The siding locks onto the panel below/beside it and is fastened loosely to allow for expansion. The siding is especially susceptible to high wind and impact damage, so point the mower away!
Fiber cement siding
Fiber cement siding usually looks like wood siding, but can easily be distinguished by tapping on it. Fiber cement is made, as the name suggests, using cement and fibers. The most common on the market today is James Hardie. Working with fiber cement siding requires extreme caution: today's products are much safer, but they are similar to the asbestos siding of the past. This is only a concern when the boards are cut. These products absorb moisture, so maintenance is a must.
There are many other sidings used today and in the past that are not as common in my area such as:
Log cabins
Stucco
EIFS
Aluminum
Metal
Common defects homeowners can spot
Spotting defects requires a keen eye. I encourage homeowners to have their homes regularly inspected by a professional. Between inspections, homeowners should monitor their homes for changes and contact their inspectors with any questions that they have.
Homeowners can spot common issues using the following steps:
Examine their home from the street.
Move in close and look at common areas of concern; specifically where unlike materials meet and around penetrations such as doors and windows.
Move back again and look at the overall condition of the siding.
Repeat this process every few weeks. You will become familiar with your home and will be able to notice changes.
The most common issues homeowners should look for are:
Broken/damaged siding
Clogged weep holes
Cracking- cracking in mortar/caulking is usually okay; cracking through the siding material- is not okay
Efflorescence- not a defect on its own, but a sign of high moisture movement
Missing/ damaged caulking
Missing/ worn paint/ staining- exterior paint is not cosmetic; it protects and seals the siding.
Open gaps- note: under windows, it is common to have open gaps for water to drain. Likewise, the bottom of the lap siding and weep holes in the brick veneer should not be sealed.
Vegetation in contact- plants carry moisture, which will wick into the siding.
Wood in contact- wood, such as fences, provides an entry point for wood-destroying organisms
Wood rot or other water damage
This list is not exhaustive and should not be treated as such.
Maintenance Tips
Have your home inspected. You will be better educated on what items need regularly maintained for your home's siding. Good intentions do not always create good outcomes. I'll provide an example.
A homeowner notices a gap under their window. He fears it will allow water to enter his home, so he caulks and sleeps well that night. Three months later, he notices the window sill is completely rotted. He has the sill repaired, and the contractor informs him that by caulking the bottom of the window, he trapped any moisture that did get behind the siding.
That scenario is completely fabricated but provides an idea of why knowledge is needed before performing basic maintenance. Once you have the knowledge needed, follow these tips:
Never work from a ladder if you are not 100% confident!!!
Use high-quality exterior caulking to seal around penetrations, over nail holes, between unlike materials, and in gaps between boards.
Remove old caulking before installing new caulking
For wide or deep gaps, use backer rod
Touch up old/missing paint
Scrape away peeling paint before painting over it
Never just spray paint a house; the first coat should always be back-brushed or rolled to seal the siding
Cut back vegetation
Remove any objects near the siding to prevent damage and insect intrusion
Mow several paths around your home blowing the grass towards the lawn to prevent rocks from being launched at your home
Power wash or have a professional power wash your home once a year if you have composite (newer composite, not Masonite), vinyl, fiber cement, or metal siding. Be cautious of damaging the siding with too high of pressure, and avoid washing brick and wood siding unless needed as both are extremely porous.
This list is not exhaustive.
When to call in a professional
Here are some reasons to call in a home inspector for further evaluation/advice or a qualified siding contractor:
It has been more than 3 years since your last home inspection. (Yearly inspections are recommended, but every 3 years is better than not at all)
Large/ diagonal cracking in mortar
Cracks that go through siding materials, such as brick
Damaged siding- small breaks can cause significant damage if untreated
Recently sealed cracks that have reopened
Missing, falling, or loose siding
Wood rot/ moisture damage
I hope this article was helpful and I encourage every homeowner to take responsibility for their home's condition. If you have questions, feel free to reach out!
Joseph Phelan Phone- (918) 530-6833 Email- jphelan@superiorjoes.com